The Decisive Influence Of The Enlightenment - 1875 Words

The decisive influence of the Enlightenment in 17th and 18th century Europe is most certainly unquestionable. It marked the moment in which humanity moved away from absolute truths based on tradition, and began to question reality with the purpose of finding new answers through the use of reason, logic and the scientific method. However, if it is true that this cultural movement was strongest in the Old continent, it is also undeniable the crucial influence it had in determining the future shape of colonial America. Many tenets of enlightened thinking travelled to the New World and impacted America’s most notable intellectual figures of the time who, in turn, redefined the new nation’s identity and principles according to this new train of thought. Such was the case of Thomas Jefferson, whom intellectual contributions were significantly swayed by Enlightenment principles. This study will focus specifically on the topics of religion, economy, and human difference, and ho w Jefferson’s writings on Notes on the State of Virginia (published in 1785) were shaped by the movement’s thoughts and methods, as well as his engagement with prime Enlightenment personalities of the time such as Adam Smith, the Comte de Buffon, and the Abbà © Raynal. Particularly interested in theology and the morality of religion, Thomas Jefferson could not avoid touching on these subjects in Notes on the State of Virginia. In the section pertaining to these topics, Jefferson described his discontent with theShow MoreRelatedThe French Revolution During The 19th Century Essay1481 Words   |  6 Pagessignificance to the current political and social ideas of citizens. Many factors led to the cause of the French Revolution which considerably changed France’s economy and political status. Both Social and political conflicts, financial difficulties and the influence of the American Revolution during the 17th century all played a part it what trigged the French Revolution during the eighteenth century. The eighteenth century France was a nation that was ruled by an absolute monarchy who had greater power thatRead MoreCulture is a Mean of Social Control: Theodor Adorno998 Words   |  4 PagesTheodor Adorno is a representative of the Frankfurt School of Sociology, where the main theories and ideas were influenced by Karl Marx’s work. His main idea that the society is simply divided by a base-superstructure model and that the economy influences everything from religion to politics, referred to as economic determinism, is challenged by Adorno’s thought. Therefore, the Frankfurt school is part of the neo-Marxist approach as they interpret and add new things in Marx’s ideas. The fundamentalRead MoreReflections of Steve Jobs and Bill Gates1432 Words   |  6 Pageshimself to be spiritually enlightened.   What is spiritual enlightenment and, considering Steve Jobs behaviour portrayed in the film, was he enlightened? Support your answer(s) with specific evidence f rom the internet and the film (describe the specific scene(s)). Steve Jobs was a very shallow man; an a-typical example of his generation. By virtue of his behaviour Steve Jobs embodies the second dictionary definition of ‘the enlightenment.’ In the film, Steve was drunk on the power of his human reasoningRead More Causes of the French Revolution Essay1383 Words   |  6 PagesFrance had been involved in many expensive wars, especially the American War of Independence, causing financial difficulties and debts which were increased through the expensive upkeep of the Royal Family and their courts. At this time the Age of Enlightenment was occurring and new ideas, challenging the Ancien Regime and the Absolute right to rule, were emerging. The monarch of the time, King Louis XVI, was a weak monarch who was incapable of making decisions and sticking to them. King Louis XIV wasRead MoreThe Face Of Battle By John Keegan880 Words   |  4 Pagesright in the battlefield of 1415, 1814, or 1915 respectively. Keegan goes as far as to explain the motivation for the soldiers by citing an extensive range of influences such as religion, nationalism, economics, and leadership. A good example is his explanation of the religiosity of the common soldier, which almost non-existent in the Enlightenment period in which Waterloo occurred compared to the Victorian age when the battle of the Somme took place. The motivations of the men fighting in 1815 were inherentlyRead MoreHow Revolutionaries Consolidated their Political Power in France During The French Revolution1096 Words   |  5 Pagesfundamental changes in French society. However some of the success of the revolution was undermined by the revolutionaries’ failures to unify the people and achieve social harmony. The revolutionaries consolidated their political power more so through decisive action and fear mongering than actual policy making. Whilst their unusual approach to politics is often met with criticism, their approach of fear, terror and violence was successful in its own right. Robespierre’s rise to power through the NationalRead MoreThe Teacher Leadership Compensation Model Essay1245 Words   |  5 Pagesleadership success on a variety of factors and influences. As beliefs and cultures have evolved, so have the expected characteristics of effective leaders. Technological advances and shifts in society’s attitude towards work also have profound effects on the changes in leadership styles. Great Man Theory The study of leadership officially became a focus in the nineteenth century, when writer Thomas Carlyle sought to explain his view of history as a series of decisive actions influenced by â€Å"heroes,† or â€Å"greatRead MoreDialectic Of Enlightenment By Max Horkheimer And Theodor Adorno1888 Words   |  8 Pagesschool, Dialectic of Enlightenment co-authored by Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno is certainly a strange book. First published in 1947, it is largely made up from the notes taken by Adorno’s wife during discussions between Horkheimer and him. Attempting to conceptualize the self-destructing process of Enlightenment, the transcendent theme brought forth by the authors related to the disintegration of reason. More specifically, they expressed that the dissolution of enlightenment thought, and the manifestationRead MoreEssay about The Art of War in the 17th and 18th Centuries850 Words   |  4 Pagesthat are lightweight, and extremely mobile, assigned to Bata lion level and below. Upon landing on the German shore of Peenemunde, I wonder if Adolphus realized that one day his ingenious and revolutionary theories would some three centuries later influence the German scientists developing the modern day rocket at Peenemunde. After Gustavus Adolphus death, warfare settled down to a slower pace and a more stable mold. Warfare experienced the growth of professional armies loyal to the king. But theRead MoreThe Theory Of International Relations Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pagesagainst a common enemy but not related to development purposes. Stability and peace happened only when a great power has nothing to fear, but then another power will try to compete and the cycle would repeat. With the arrival of the new ideas of the enlightenment, the power scholars advocated for more rational and less painful ways to relate with other countries. The French Revolution and the independence of the United States showed to the world that the individual and his well-being should be the

how radio has changed - 926 Words

Radio has been existing since the 20th century; it has a great significance to every one of us, especially when it comes to entertainment. Through the years, we depend on the radio when traveling or relaxing at home, it is where we listen to music, news or even soap operas. Well the sound quality has increased dramatically. So has the amount of stations. When radio was first invented there was only something on the air for a few hours a day, now radio is 24/7. Also, when radio was first invented, there was no FM. Everything was AM. Then once FM was introduced people were skeptical that it would catch on. Back then they would sell either an AM radio, or an FM radio. These days its a law that every radio must have AM and FM capabilities.†¦show more content†¦In addition to music, radio stations also played dramatic episodes of programs, such as Amos ‘n’ Andy and Superman. Radios also became the preferred method for communicating the news of the day.While the AM fr equency was popular for broadcasting throughout the 1950s and beyond, researchers began developing the FM in the 1940s as an alternative to FM. This method became popular during the 1960s and took hold throughout the 1970s. It was more popular than the AM signal because it could transmit on any frequency. Although its original purpose was intended for classical music lovers and educational purposes, the FM method was a favorite for rock music in the 1960s. It wasn’t until 1978, however, that the FM programming had more listeners than the AM. In recent years, radio has made even more developments that have made listening to your favorite music even easier. With a simple internet connection, you can listen to streaming audio from almost any radio station all over the world. A new trend in radio broadcasting is also the podcast. This is where individuals put together a recording that resembles a radio show and then post it online for anybody to listen to. In addition to these de velopments, there is also the creation of the subscription-based radio services. Sirius and XM radio are not controlled by federal regulations in the same way that normal airwaves are governed. This gives both listeners and broadcasters more options to fit their listening pleasure. Made popularShow MoreRelatedRadio in the 1930s Essay1066 Words   |  5 PagesHas anyone ever wondered how radio communications changed society during the 1930’s? According to the research done by the Education Foundation, many people believe that the most important development in the radio at that time was entertainment; this is entirely false. In fact, radio communications not only made an impact in the way people received their news, but also brought together a nation that got out of a brutal depression. Together, the nations as one made radio communications the commandingRead MoreTelephone Essay978 Words   |  4 PagesThe telegraph changed the way people can communicate with each other and c hanged how fast messages can be sent. Written messages were used since the beginning of time and it could take days or even months to send messages over long distances. Written messages were an inefficient way of sending messages to people across the country or even across the world. The telegraph was invented by Samuel Morse in 1838. He was the first person to get backed by others wanting to invest in his invention. In 1844Read MoreJames Robert Radio Kennedy776 Words   |  4 Pagesmiraculous experiences, others have accomplished miraculous success, and some people remind us of how miraculous our lives really are. Every now and then someone comes along who shows us that miracles really are possible. That was what a mentally handicapped African American boy from Anderson, South Carolina was put on this Earth to do. The word â€Å"miraculous† pretty much describes James Robert â€Å"Radio† Kennedy’s whole life. In 1947, he was born into a small family in South Carolina, and he sufferedRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On Music Throughout History1587 Words   |  7 Pageslisten to music they can turn on a stereo or TV, choose a CD or DVD to play, or listen to a songs downloaded in ITunes. All of these devices are proof to show how technology is used to record, play, and change the way music is heard. A look through history will show how far society has come in music alone. The development of technology has changed the way the music industry operates and the way society hears and purchases music today. It started off with humming, then singing. People sang in church choirsRead MoreRequired Midterm Essay Questions1563 Words   |  7 Pagesthe colonial period of print up to and including how printed news is delivered today with national papers like USA Today. Include and describe what was the significance of the era of the penny press, jazz journalism, yellow journalism, and muckraking. The history of the printed newspaper in the United States has spanned even before the nations independence. The format and coverage may have changed over the years, but one principle element has remained the same. That element is the dispersionRead MoreMusic And Technology Aid A Another1570 Words   |  7 Pageslisten to music they can turn on a stereo or TV, choose a CD or DVD to play, or listen to a songs downloaded in ITunes. All of these devices are proof to show how technology is used to record, play, and change the way music is heard. A look through history will show how far society has come in music alone. The development of technology has changed the way the music industry operates and the way society hears and purchases music today. It started off with humming, then singing. People sang in church choirsRead MoreMass Media And Its Effect On Society1165 Words   |  5 Pagesinstitutions. Mediums such as radio, newspapers, and television all reflect and affect American society. However, the main one that I am going to discuss is Radio. Radio is more effective in mass media as compared to the other mediums. The way radio was back then is way different from what it is in society today, it has changed over time. People believe that radio is one of the dying mediums, but that’s false. Radio has saved plenty of lives through communication. Radio has been the first device to allowRead MoreMass Media855 Words   |  4 PagesMass Media Different forms of media have been around for centuries. There have been drastic changes in the use of radio, television, computers, and more over the years. The developments have had significant influences on American culture. As the use of mass media continues to evolve, so will the way we interpret, view, and use them. Newspaper Magazines Mass media over the century has grown from newspaper and magazines to satellites and computers. Newspapers were the primary source of news and informationRead MoreEffects of Technological Advances806 Words   |  4 PagesFrom the time printed publications were the dominant medium to the modern era where the internet has emerged as the dominant medium the field of journalism has experienced colossal growth, development, and evolvement. The changes caused by the gradual introduction of new and more efficient mediums consistently affected journalism and the way journalists delivered content to the public. Prior to the concept of broadcasting, newspapers were the primary means of communication in society. InitiallyRead MoreMusic Is An Important Source Of Employment1300 Words   |  6 Pagesperson to person. It is no surprise how music has the ability to evolve as time goes on, making it versatile and adaptive to the changing times . With that change, the value of music has increased tremendously, playing a bigger role in the lives of individuals. Today, people use music to cope with the issues of everyday life, providing an escape from reality. Furthermore, music is an important source of employment, as people’s careers, such as singing and radio hosting, depend on the music industry

Various Types of Drivers Free Essays

Various Types of Drivers Drivers come in many different forms and each carry their own characteristics. When on the road, one can experience several different drivers and their driving habits. The different drivers you experience during your journey may result in many things such as you being late to your destination or even become part of a car crash. We will write a custom essay sample on Various Types of Drivers or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most motorists would like to make it to where they need to go on time, but how they get there depends on their style of driving as well as the types of drivers they encounter along the way. Despite the many driving skills motorists may come across during their journey, they should always drive safely following the rules of the road to avoid any dangerous car collisions. The various types of drivers can be broken down into three categories which include non-obedient, careful and reckless. Non-obedient drivers are often the ones who disrupt traffic and sometimes cause traffic jams. They have poor judgment in performing road tasks such as making turns, using their indictors when necessary and drifting within a traffic lane. These motorists lack the ability to change behavior in unexpected or dangerous situations. They have a tendency to slow down traffic, aggravate other drivers and cause inconvenience for other motorists. They fail to function properly and the proficiency to focus quickly is nonexistent. This causes avoidable accidents and puts their lives as well as others in danger. For instance, there was a time where my mother and were watching the news and a middle aged woman switched from the right lane into the left lane without using her indicator. The fact that she fail to signal that she was merging into the next lane resulted in her getting rear ended by another driver. Had she done the simple task of using her indicator, this rear end collision could have been avoided. Motorist who are more precautious and careful while behind the wheel tend to have a more decent style of driving. They are usually more likely to follow the rules of the road. This includes wearing their seatbelt at all times, using their indicators and driving by the appropriate speed limit. They usually have steady concentration while on the road, which allows their mind to be fully focused while driving. These drivers have a good idea of what is happening in their surroundings and have keen awareness skills which are vital when driving. There was a time when my mom and I were driving and approached a four-way street. The roads on our left and right were obligated to stop and the road in front of us and the only we were driving on had no stop signs. Although we were not required to stop we did. Had we continued driving we would have been involved in car accident because a driver required to stop ran the stop sign and would have crashed directly into us. Careful drivers not only look out for themselves but for other motorist as well to ensure the safety of all drivers while on the road. Drivers that have the least respect for other motorist or the can be known to have a reckless style of driving. These drivers can sometimes be very dangerous because they are not afraid to get a bit irresponsible while on the road. For example they do things like run stop signs, traffic lights and make illegal turns. Motorist like this have a tendency to weave in and out of traffic at fast speeds with no regard for other drivers. For example my brother and I were driving on the highway and one motorist was driving at speed way above the 60mph speed limit. This driver switched in and out of lanes without using their indicators and cut many people off almost causing fatal car accidents. Actions such as these puts many innocent lives at risk and force people to be more aware of their surroundings. The driving skills people have may vary. Many drivers experience the different types of motorist on a daily basis. Drivers should always follow the rules of the road and avoid any distractions while driving. Many drivers fail to do so putting themselves and others at risk. This can result in fatal car crashes that could have been avoided if motorists were more cautious when driving. Drivers should always maintain good driving skills, not only to guarantee their own safety but the safety of others while on the road. How to cite Various Types of Drivers, Essay examples

Impact of Social Media Free Sampless to Students

Question: Discuss about theImpact of Social Mediafor Contemporary Business Communication. Answer: Introduction Business Communication has taken huge leaps of evolution since the last twenty years. Communication modes that have been invincible at times have become obsolete in modern day communication. As life tends to be fast paced, face-to-face interaction is decreasing, with the advent of new technological advancements which include the internet, extensive use of the social media network, email, blogs, online paid advertisements and so on. The biggest game changers in the field of business communication are the Email and the social media networks like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, Skype, Pinterest, Google+, YouTube, and so on (Ward 2016). The common outcomes of contemporary business communication include high speed and low cost communication, enhanced market research, improved Public Relations campaigns, tapping into new customer bases, direct and customized product/service marketing, enhanced sales, better customer support and retention, embellished customer relationship managemen t and even attracting the best talents at work, ultimately aiming towards higher competitive advantage (Carroll and Buchholtz 2014). Changing Business Communication Practices A lot has changed in the last couple of decades when it comes to business communication. The modes of sharing information about a new product release have smoothened by the technological advancements. PR agencies and professionals may choose to communicate to millions of customers at the click of a few buttons. Blogs, Emails and Direct Messaging features have changed the long ornamental formal letters (Shwom and Snyder 2015). Marketers are able to communicate their messages through Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest and Instagram and reach out to new customers with their new or existing offerings, and even listen to their existing customers through these mediums. These practices ensure better customer relationship management and brands get to enjoy higher equities with a few clicks (Luxton, Reid and Mavondo 2015). Recruiters choose to attract the best of talents from the industry with the help of the second largest social network, LinkedIn and this reduces the cost and time required for th e process. Organizations use intranet and message portal applications to ensure smooth corporate communications and even interpersonal communication within the organization. Both corporates and start-ups rely heavily on social media to build a connection with their followers on social media so that the company gains further trust. Posting about social issues they are passionate about rather than posting new offerings is the trend in social media and social networks. Since Money never Sleeps, business houses cant afford to be in the regular nine to five working hours, rather they need to be in continuous touch with their followers at any time from any part of the world (Jussila, Krkkinen and Aramo-Immonen2014). Businesses in todays world find their customers and followers waking up to electronic devices in their hands, and thus companies may have to face a steep price if they choose to refrain from the digital world. Challenges of Business Communication in the 21st Century Though businesses are adopting fast to these changes of the 21st century in business communication, there are still many challenges that plague the entire process. Most of the time, individuals listen to someone only to reply, rather than understand the other person. This gives rise to the first realm of problems in business communication. Whether it be internal or external communication, listening qualities from front line managers to top level management are not yet up to the mark in many organizations, leading to conflict (Modaff, Butler and DeWine 2016). Workplace diversity helps in enhancing culture and divergent thinking, but it also poses to be a problem when it comes to communication. Verbal and non-verbal communication have different meanings all over the world. For example the thumbs up gesture is taken quite positively in Malaysia, a Muslim dominated nation, whereas the same gesture is considered to be a rude sexual signal in many Muslim dominated Middle Eastern countries. With the ongoing spree of globalization, businesses are engaging in activities across borders and oceans which often leads to communication problems across various time zones, business norms and etiquettes and most importantly different languages (Argenti 2015). Communication in the 21st century is even hindered by employees and teams who lack the training/provision to use various electronic devices to communicate their messages. For example a firm based in the U.S. may face communication difficulties with its outsourcing partner in Somalia which doesnt have access to laptops and smartphones. Though communication has received a great boost with the new technological advancements, it is often desirable to have face-to-face communication in order to better comprehend the aspects of non-verbal communication like kinesics, oculesics paralanguage, proxemics and so on (Esser and Hanitzsch 2013). Communication in social media and social networks is fast and has greater reach to the masses . Thus there is a high probability that an unwanted piece of communication may be all over a followers PC, before the organization is able to take it down from its profiles. Even the high level of communication from corporates and start-ups to their customers often lead to an extended Zeroth Moment of Truth (ZMOT) (Leeflang et al. 2014). It is during this time a customer thinks of all the buying options available to him and then makes the purchase. Social networking is thus instrumental to gain competitive advantage (Young 2014). Communication that is not face to face often gives rise to misinterpretation, confusion, lacks the emotion and even out of business context (Cornelissen 2014). Now, only a trained intrinsically motivated employee can settle down with the best communication channels as long as the budget allocation permits him to do so. Without capital budgeting and proper resource allocation, it is next to impossible to implement the sophisticated communication channels as employed by the market leader or a larger corporation. Case Study under Consideration - Burberry Amongst the various challenges faced by 21st century organizations, Burberry, a luxury fashion brand didnt waste much time to join the digital league and emerge out as a pioneer in the digitally transforming fashion industry. Former CEO Ahrendts and CCO Christopher Bailey were agile enough to spot the differences in the approach in traditional and digital shopping and was courageous enough to take the leap that would change the face of the industry forever (Skorobogatykh, Saginova and Musatova 2014). Burberrys long time legacy had been the iconic trench coat but it was losing the momentum and Bailey had spotted it. The agents in the organization were willing to make the shift to a new paradigm to leverage core business strategies and nurture core competencies. Leap of Faith - Strategies Adopted by Burberry In early 2006, Burberry got all geared up to take on the digital transformation and Ahrendts knew that digital strategy had to be Burberrys core strategy to sustain in the fads industry. The product had to be iconic, so choosing the trench coat to be at the cornerstone of the new paradigm shift was no coincidental move from the Chief Creative Officer Bailey. In early 2009, Burberry launched its own social networking site; the very first of its kind by a leading fashion house. By November 2009, Burberry was out with its Art of the Trench web page which had collaborations with ace bloggers and photographers including Scott Schuman. The website was designed to facilitate user generated content which included Burberry trench coat owners publishing pictures of themselves wearing their pride. Customers were provided the liberty to like and comment on their own as well as others images. To facilitate the sharing provisions, Burberry included the one touch call to action button which enabled users to share their content on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Pinterest instantly (Bass 2016). The highly collaborative strategies put the users, fans and the organization on the same pedal to enhance the customer shopping experience. Further, to have a stronger emotional bond with the millennials, a new campaign, Burberry Kisses was designed. It allowed the user to send virtual kisses to any loved one sitting at any other corner of the globe. Burberry had collaborated with Google Earth and Street View to understand the locations of their users better and bring to life the journey of the kiss travelling from one city of the world to another. It had been a whooping success story for the brand as kisses from more than 150 countries were delivered. In 2011, the brand used Twitter (Zhang, Xue and Burns 2015) and Instagram to reveal its 2012 clothing line collection and streamed the actual event on YouTube. The most out of the world shopping experience provided by Burberry was at its flagship store at Regent Street, London where the store used RFID chips to display customized product videos for customers who walked passed nearby LED screens. The customers were provided iPads to make a quick order and even help them be a part of the Burberry legacy. Burberry has extended the customized and relevant product video feature to its website, so that customers can have an unforgettable online shopping experience and get into the precious loyalty loop which promises greater revenues. The Dream Road to Success Being at the forefront of Omni-channel customer relationship and engagement, Burberry has proved to be immensely successful with its vibrant social media channels, website and brick and mortar stores. The paradigm shift to undergo the digital transformation and adopt the digital strategy as a core strategy provided Burberry the opportunity of tapping into a new segment of younger customers who felt associated with the brand given its social media and web presence. Believing that Content is King, use of open source tools like WebGL, CSS3 and HTML 5 combined with the complex operations of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (Zhang, Xue and Burns 2015), maintaining high user engagement rates, recognizing the accurate KPIs have helped the brand increase its revenue by 68% from USD1650 Million to USD2750 within 4 years from 2011 to 2015 (Bass 2016). From the perspective of a business student, it was not its products that Burberry was trying to push to its buyers, but rather the p ursuit of providing its buyers, an unforgettable shopping experience was the driving force behind Burberrys success of being the pioneer in digital innovation in the fashion industry. References Argenti, P.A., 2015. Corporate communication. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Bass, C., 2016. An exploration of the way consumers use digital media of luxury fashion brands to create value: A case study analysis of Burberry. Carroll, A. and Buchholtz, A., 2014. Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Nelson Education. Cornelissen, J., 2014. Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. Esser, F. and Hanitzsch, T. eds., 2013. The handbook of comparative communication research. Routledge. Jussila, J.J., Krkkinen, H. and Aramo-Immonen, H., 2014. Social media utilization in business-to-business relationships of technology industry firms. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, pp.606-613. Leeflang, P.S., Verhoef, P.C., Dahlstrm, P. and Freundt, T., 2014. Challenges and solutions for marketing in a digital era. European management journal, 32(1), pp.1-12. Luxton, S., Reid, M. and Mavondo, F., 2015. Integrated marketing communication capability and brand performance. Journal of Advertising, 44(1), pp.37-46. Modaff, D.P., Butler, J.A. and DeWine, S.A., 2016. Organizational communication: Foundations, challenges, and misunderstandings. Pearson. Shwom, B.G. and Snyder, L.G., 2015. Business communication: Polishing your professional presence. Pearson. Skorobogatykh, I., Saginova, O. and Musatova, Z., 2014. COMPARISON OF LUXURY BRAND PERCEPTION: OLD (UK) VS. MODERN (RUSSIA) CONSUMERSPERCEPTION TOWARD THE BURBERRY BRAND. Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research, p.76. Ward, J., 2016. Keeping the family business healthy: How to plan for continuing growth, profitability, and family leadership. Springer. Young, A., 2014. Brand media strategy: integrated communications planning in the digital era. Springer. Zhang, R., Xue, S. and Burns, L.D., 2015. Investigation of Micro-blogging marketing strategy of Fashion brand: via big data and machine learning methodology.

Narrative Paper on Just off Main Street by Elmaz Abinader Essay Example

Narrative Paper on Just off Main Street by Elmaz Abinader Paper Breaking Barriers: Acceptance of Exoticization In her essay Just off Main Street, published by the United States Department of State, Elmaz Abinader stresses the importance of embracing cultural differences. Abinader precisely describes her struggles as an Arab-American attempting to stay true to her two worlds: the American society and her Lebanese culture. As an Armenian I can directly relate to almost every instance Abinader depicts throughout her essay. Abinaders words and descriptions clearly outline the context of her two worlds. For example, a key symbol Abinader consistently mentions is the magic door r portal that separates the outside and inside world (par 1). Through her descriptions, comparisons, and cultural concepts, Adinader creates worlds of meaning between her former portal and the outside world by eliminating the ignorance and sparking a domino effect of acceptance to all Middle Eastern cultures. In her first paragraph, Abinader sets up the norms in todays society. She uses the word standard which immediately causes the reader to picture the typical American community. The first paragraph signaled for a comparison between Abinaders community and her home life. When she states, From the face of it, our businesses looked like any others, I understand that her family is attempting to put up a front in order to blend in (par 2). When Abinader states, my father and my uncle stood in the doorways of their establishments, her use of the word establishments has meaning to me. Most individuals of Middle Eastern, European decent are very hardworking and take their possessions and accomplishments seriously. We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative Paper on Just off Main Street by Elmaz Abinader specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative Paper on Just off Main Street by Elmaz Abinader specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative Paper on Just off Main Street by Elmaz Abinader specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These cultures have an ideology encompassing strong pride, because in historical situations they have been criticized and undermined. On April 24, 191 5 the Ottoman Turks killed over 1. 5 million Armenians. This tragedy is referred to as the Armenian genocide. However, till this day the Turks and several uninformed individuals deny that it occurred. This denial serves as a perfect example as to why Middle Eastern, Europeans stay close to their culture and have pride. They yearn for a sense of belonging (par 12). Abinader speaks of the belonging and Joy her family scenes brought her, yet she could not share this Joy with those on the other side of the door because of their lack of acceptance (par 12). The description of Abinaders peers, Jeannie and Renee, precisely contrast the two lives on either side of the magic door. Abinader describes her fascination of the shiny bikes with streamers and the collection of Barbie doll paraphernalia. Her fascination and her description of the after-school duties she would partake in created a stark contrast between her and her classmates. Why is different looked upon negatively? The reason Abinader was ridiculed on the playground was not specifically because of her dark hair or her ape like arms (par 4). The ridicule occurred due to her differences; she was exotic. Just off Main Street, incorporated an abundance of cultural elements. Abinaders parents may seem strict to the average American due to their after-school duties or round puffy disks she had Just baked (par 6). However, if one understands the Middle Eastern, European culture, they would know that Abinaders parents are structured and focused people. They dont give their children responsibilities at an early age to punish them; instead, they do this to introduce the cultures morals and alues. Other cultural aspects included in Abinaders essay were her descriptions of the Arabic dishes, the music and dancing in circles, and the stories told from the old days (par 10). All of these elements play a part in creating that home or feeling of belonging which I sense during my own family gatherings (par 21). Yet, Abinader could not mesh her two worlds due to the ridicule she already went through before cracking open her magical door. Similar to Abinader, I found it extremely difficult going through elementary and iddle school known as that foreign girl with a big nose and parents with strong accents. My magic door was always shut until the last couple years of high school. In high school and college, we try to find ourselves, or something that we can distinguish ourselves with. During these years, both, Abinader and I realized that being Middle Eastern is something to embrace and to share with others. It was not until Abinader studied at the University of Pittsburgh that she could finally open the threshold between her two worlds (par 13). The Syria-Lebanese room housed in the English Department revealed all of the beautiful things about Abinaders culture such as the Persian rug designs and the glass multi-colored lights (par 14). As soon as she recognized the appreciation and fascination her peers had of this room that she was associated with, Abinader felt a sense of pride, which inspired her to embrace her culture through literature (par 14). Adinader not only inspires young Arabic writers, but she also inspires young writers of any Middle Eastern, European decent to continue spreading the knowledge to those who are unfamiliar with the Middle Eastern culture. It is through the acceptance from others that we will truly be able to express ourselves and let down our guards. Its difficult to imagine any Middle Eastern individual to not want to inform the public of their cultures rich history. It saddens me that at times these individuals are forced to put up that magic door due to negative thoughts of these cultures or political controversies. However, through more education, we will finally be able to understand and accept one another opening all barriers that prevent worlds of meaning.

August 5 - Letter to a Public Official Essays - LGBT History

August 5 - Letter to a Public Official Essays - LGBT History Carl Levin 269 Russell Senate Office Building Washington, DC 20510 Dear Mr. Carl Levin: In the Book of Christ, the institution of marriages first purpose is referred to as for the mutual joy of two persons, though the people of Michigan still refer to the issue of same-sex marriage as a non-ethical (politically and religiously) action. Because the Book of Christ speaks so loosely of marriage and sodomy, Christians merely assume that the institution of marriage can only be between a man and a woman, and they back up this belief by saying that in the Book, all marriages were between a man and a woman. In the Book, women are seen as property, slaves, to their husband; hardly what we see as the institution of marriage in the modern world. Jesus Christ says only that divorce should be avoided, not that marriage cannot be between two of the same gender. There is no biblical justification that same-sex marriage is religiously unethical. As you can probably assume, I write to you today to address the issue of same-sex marriage in Michigan. As a strong Christian myself, I do not agree that the idea of love should be a political or religious debate. Americans take pride in how much we value equality, but where is the equality? Why should I be able to enjoy a life with the one I love merely because that person is a man, while another woman cannot do the same merely because she loves another woman? Equality is what drove immigrants to our nation, and now we are defying this unique quality of our country. America is a land of many cultures and ideas, acceptance of a broad range of people. These Americans are still Americans, whether they love their gender or the other, and nothing makes them any more of a monster than you and I. They are merely pursuing the life they choose, seeking happiness in their own way, whilst still not interfering with others; the pursuit of happiness, another value that sets America apart from ot her countries. It is time for change in Michigan. Every year, more national polls show that more people are supporting same-sex marriage. In a recent poll in our state, 44% of citizens supported same-sex marriage while only 42% opposed it (14% were unsure). These numbers have changed rapidly over the years, with more citizens openly supporting same-sex marriage in Michigan now more than ever. Ann Arbor was the first city in the country to pass a Gay Rights Ordinance (1972) and elect an openly gay official. This was 40 years ago when a much smaller amount of citizens showed support same-sex marriage. With more support now than ever, it is my hope that you will take action to start a movement to legalize same-sex marriage in our state. These people need the equality that each and every American is promised through our own Constitution. Thank you for taking the time to read this letter and considering my views on this issue. Sincerely, Alex Swim

Ancient Greek Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ancient Greek Architecture - Essay Example The Greek architects also adopted designs and patterns from foreign architectural styles that include illustrations of women figures and animals including birds, winged lions and other beasts (Raaflaub and Wees). The archaic period mainly based on the artists` practices of adopting foreign styles for introducing an innovative style of the Greek art. Furthermore, a dominating influence of this innovative style has been observed in various city states of the Greece such as, in Sparta architects and other creative artists started learning ivory carving and bronze styling in order, to utilize these motifs and designs in the stylish buildings of the new period (Raaflaub and Wees). Additionally, artists of the Laconia and the Corinthians discovered a pattern of using small animals and floral prints and called it as silhouetted style. As this period`s main theme was associated with the natural scenes, thus Athens started demonstrating nature and methodological characters in the abstract paintings (Couprie, Hahn and Naddaf). However, during the whole period main focus of the artists remained with the innovative and natural representation of human figures specifically, children and women (Couprie, Hahn and Naddaf). The metropolitan Museum is a self-speaking evidence of Egyptian influence on the Archaic Greek period. Other examples of the archaic period influence include two main orders of Greek art such as, Doric order of western colonies and mainland Greece and the Ionic order of the Ionic Islands (Raaflaub and Wees).

Debate the influence of welfare state regimes on health inequalities Assignment

Debate the influence of welfare state regimes on health inequalities - Assignment Example studies of research reveal that in the South European countries the family oriented welfare systems are found to be not addressing properly ill health concerns of the disadvantaged groups. But in Scandinavian countries there has been a greater distribution of welfare regime helping the disadvantaged but proper educational directives; relative deprivation as well as class patterned health behaviors has widened the health inequalities in these countries (Eikemo et al, 2008, pp.578-579). Thus it can be concluded that the welfare regimes are not appropriate in their services to the population in a fruitful manner and the developed continent like Europe are also entrapped with provision of rampant health inequalities. This calls for a rigid counteractive measure (proper education, awareness, strict policies and so on) and scrutinizing the loopholes as compromising health is compromising national treasure. Eikemo et al, (2008), Health inequalities according to educational level in different welfare regimes: a comparison of 23 European countries, Vol. 30 No. 4, pp. 565–582, Sociology of Health &

Critically evaluate how the recent recession has been affecting Essay

Critically evaluate how the recent recession has been affecting strategic marketing management practices of Apple - Essay Example By 1980 as the sales of the company were experiencing a high the company also grew considerably in size, by the time the Apple III was launched, the company employed several thousand people and was conducting international business (apple-history, 2013). Lisa and Macintosh are hall mark products of the Apple Company. During the 1980’s the Mac II gave the windows a really tough time, taking it to the verge of a flop, due to its expandability and viability (apple-history, 2013). The release of power books in 1991 put Apple back in the race it was losing against windows 3.0, and advancements were being made at the same time towards the PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) (apple-history, 2013). Formerly known as Apple Computer; Apple Inc. is currently the biggest tech company in the world that employs more than 49,400 people and gross profit of more than $ 65 billion (Rodrigo, 2012). Competitors Apple’s competitors in the technology and computer industry are Microsoft, Dell, M otorola, LG, and Nokia. ... comes from its diverse line and range of products and the software and hardware integration of their range of products; which they have achieved over the years (Magee, 2011). Apple has led to the jointed manufacturing of computers and mobile devices, whereas this was previously done by separate companies (Magee, 2011). This allows for shared functioning and information processing, connectivity is the main feature giving these products a competitive edge (Magee, 2011). Impact of Recession The recession did not impact Apple Inc. as expected and rather than suffering massive losses like its counterparts it just received a jolt at its retail stores (MaCNN, 2009). The number of visitors per Apple retail store suffered a drop of 1.8%, and the revenues fell 17.4 percent (MaCnn, 2009). 2008 saw a drop for the company’s revenues by 0.6 percent in the last three month period (Oliver, 2009). Apple saw the revenue decrease on per store basis but as a whole the Mac sales increased year ove r year as compared to 2008 (Oliver, 2009). Apart from suffering a drop in terms of visitor per retail store the concept that Apple retail store follow, showed the success of the strategies employed by Apple (Oliver, 2009). According to Carl Howe, who is the director of consumer research for the Yankee Group said that the company is really tested during a recession, and for Apple, the ‘ think different’ motto appears to be working really well (cited in Rodrigo, 2012). Where economies, banks and companies have drastically suffered at the hands of the recession, Apple has maintained its record sales. Recession tests companies by better execution and Apple is achieving that (Howe, cited in Rodrigo, 2012). Apple’s share value doubled during 2008, the year the recession hit the hardest and

The Golden Age Of Athens

The Golden Age Of Athens The Golden Age of Athens, the Age of Pericles, and Pentekontaetia are all names for the time period when Athens reached its height of power and prosperity. It began in 478 B.C. and lasted for approximately fifty years until 431 B.C. In the beginning of its so-called Golden Age, Athens was just coming out of the Persian Wars as leader of the Delian League, and they were beginning their rise to power. At the end of this prosperous era, Athens had made huge advancements in their government, architecture, art, literature, science, and philosophy. Their accomplishments in these areas influence essentially every aspect of society today. Before the Golden Age, Athens was like other city-states in Greece. They were not the superpower of the country; in fact, they were not very significant at all during this time. Athens was located on the peninsula of Attica, and it was the only part of mainland Greece that remained Ionian and did not submit to the Dorian invasion. After the Dorian invasion, Athens did not have a Democracy; they had an oligarchy like many of the other city-states in Greece. In Athens, the Acropolis which was the highest part of the city, was the first site of settlement because it was easily defendable with its steep slopes. Eventually, a central fortress was built, and it encompassed the city. The first law code of Athens was created in 621 B.C. by Athenian nobleman Draco. However, this law code was harsh and only favored the oligarchs, and there were rules such as: a creditor could enslave a debtor if they didnt repay the debt, and the death penalty was given for the smallest crimes. Eventually, in 594 B.C., Solon changes Athens laws. He abolished all of Dracos harsh rules, and he gave citizens a larger voice. Solon created the first Assembly; however, poor citizens were not allowed to hold government jobs. He also helped establish the idea of Democracy, although Athens would not become a full Democracy until 5th Century B.C. The Greeks fell under Persian rule, but although they were not enslaved, they had to pay taxes and annual tributes to the Persians. In 499 B.C, the Ionian Greeks, led by Aristagoras, revolted against Persian rule. There were several battles between the Greeks and the Persians before they were independent once again. The first major battle was the Battle of Marathon fought in 490 B.C, and it was essentially between Athens and Persia. At this time, Athens did not have the strong fleet that it had during its Golden Age. The Athenians needed help, so they sent Phidippides, a professional runner, to ask Sparta for help. Yet, the Spartans did not send soldiers until well into the war, and the battles outcome looked bleak for the Greeks. However, hope was not lost for the Athenians; they received help from Plataea, who sent 9,000 men to join the Athenians at Marathon. The Greeks used the hoplite formation to defeat the Persians. At the end of the battle, 6,400 Persians died, whereas the Athenians only lost 192 men. Phidippides was then sent from Marathon to Athens to alert the Athenians of their victory. The run was a little over twenty-six miles long, and he died immediately after giving the good news. Today, the marathon races run today represent Phidippides journey and they are held in honor of him. It was David versus Goliath, with little David winning. Furthermore, for the first time, a battle was fought on which our whole modern way of life seemed to dependà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ If the Athenians had lost at Marathon, Athens would have been destroyed, and then (many people think) Greece might never have gone on to develop the peak of its civilization, a peak whose fruits we moderns have inherited [Isaac Asimov, pg. 104 ]. Another important battle of the Persian Wars was the Battle of Thermopylae, which was fought in 480 B.C. 7,000 men were led by King Leonidas of Sparta, and his 300 Spartans were the backbone of the army. This battle was mostly between the Greeks (led by Sparta) and Xerxes, the Persian leader. The Greeks lost the battle because of a Phocian traitor that told Xerxes a way around the mountain pass they were stuck in. Although every soldier died fighting, their valiant battle inspired the Greek lovers of freedom, who continued fighting against the Persians. There were other battles like Salamis, Himera, Mycale, and Plataea, and all of these were victories for the Greeks. Finally, in 478 B.C, the Persian War ended, and the Greeks were free from Persian rule. After the Persian War, Sparta and Athens emerged as the two most powerful city-states in Ancient Greece. However, Sparta became extremely jealous of Athens because the Athenians had received most of the credit for the victory against the Persians. The Confederacy of Delos, or the Delian League, was an alliance of Greek city-states formed during the Persian War that was headed by Athens. Yet, although many of the city-states were involved in the alliance, most of the money from the Delian League was used to glorify Athens. The Spartans were upset that Athens was using all of the money, and also because of the fact that they were not the head of the League, so they formed their own alliance called the Peloponnesian League. In time, Spartas jealousy and growing dislike of Athens became so great that a civil war broke out, which led to the downfall of Athens Golden Age. Athens great Golden Age began in 478 B.C. and lasted for Fifty Years. This period of peace, prosperity, and progress in every aspect of culture and science flourished under the leadership of Pericles. Pericles was an aristocrat from a pro-democratic family, so it was natural that he believed in and supported democracy. He was a good speaker and planner of Athens policies. He commanded the military and carried out foreign policies of the people; he was not only respected by the people, but also by his colleagues. Pericles encouraged the arts and built great public buildings, such as the Parthenon. The Greeks, specifically the Athenians, were happy with what Pericles was doing with Athens. By making Athens seem more beautiful to other countries, Greece seemed to be more respected by the world. Pericles seemed like somebody who would be comfortable around others, especially because he was such a charismatic figure. However, he avoided social activities and had very few friends. His one passion in life was for politics; he never mentioned gods or any sort of piety. Pericles was a well-educated and honest man that did not accept bribes or abuse his power. This led the Athenians to like him even more, and he had more power than a king or a tyrant would have had. It was this power that allowed him to bring Athens to its height and turn it into the foundation of Western Civilization. Pericles favored equality for all in Athens, excluding women of course. He passed a bill that gave a salary to jurors, which allowed the poor to serve. He also eliminated laws that allowed only the rich to hold a high office and paid officials, which permitted all citizens of all social classes to participate in the government. Pericles strengthened Athens by building walls from the city to Piraeus in order to safely move food and supplies. These walls became known as the Long Walls, and it was completed in 458 B.C. He was the very basis of Athens Golden Age and after his passing, life in Greece would never be the same. Their most glorious age had reached a sudden end, and their most terrible ordeal was about to begin [Don Nardo, pg.]. While leading Athens during its Golden Age, architecture was very important to the Greeks. Pericles believed the citys greatness should be seen by the world, so he supported major construction of great structures. He had the Acropolis built, and its buildings contained Doric and Ionic columns. These were made of marble, and they represented the strength and grace of the Athenians. On top of the Acropolis was the Propylaea, or entrance way. The Propylaea incorporated traditional, Doric, and Ionic styles. It was designed by architect Mensicles circa 437 B.C. Another structure on top of the Acropolis is the Erechthium, which is the Temple of wingless victory. Perhaps the most famous building from the Golden Age was the Parthenon. This structure was built in 447 B.C., and was the spiritual center of Athens. It was designed and built by architect Ictinus, Callicrates, and sculptor Phidias. The Parthenon was a temple dedicated to Athena, Goddess of Wisdom, and it was Doric in style. The building was a symbol of Athens power, and demonstrated the blessing the city received from the Gods. It is 237 feet long, 110 feet wide and 60 feet tall. It denotes harmony and symmetry in the way that the building is completely symmetrical. According to Greek Scholar John Miliadis, the Parthenon is more the work of inspiration than of calculation. It is a new vision of life, the vision of classical Athenians. Phidias was a friend of Pericles, and died in prison because of the aristocrats of Greece that disliked him. He was believed to be the greatest sculptor during Pericless Age. He carved a 525 foot frieze, which is a band of sculptured figures, around the perimeter of the Parthenon. He also sculpted a statue of Athena Parthenos, which stood 40 feet tall, and was composed of wood, ivory, and over 2,500 pounds of gold. The appearance of Athens was extremely important to its people, and this was clearly displayed through its architectural projects. The Parthenon, the Erechthium, and the Propylaea were all clear examples of Athens power and greatness. Pericles believed that Athens was the leader of the Greek World, and therefore, they had the responsibility of showing the world how cultured they were. Much of the money from the Delian League went into the building projects of Athens. Most members of the League were not upset about this however; on the contrary, they were somewhat glad that Athens was representing Greece well. Art was also a significant part of Athens Golden Age. The purpose of their art was to preserve something visible, such as an idea or a feeling, by revealing its most prominent component. Greek sculpture was intended to be displayed in public places, which meant that it had to be worthy of the gods. The style of art shifted from Archaic to Classical. The most important change in the art style may have been in the poses of the sculptures. Before, the sculptures were a bit in stiff, unrealistic poses, and the faces of the people always seemed very calm. However, in Classical art, the poses of the sculptures were much more natural, and their faces depicted various kinds of emotion. This style of art focused on balance, completeness, proportions, and realism. Sculptors would try to create the perfect person that would be almost god-like. The ancient Greeks believed that the closest thing to perfection was the young athletic human body of a male. There were fewer structures of women than men, and their bodies would always be clothed. The mindset of the average Greek from this time period was: women are not equal to men; therefore, women cannot be anywhere near perfection. This kind of attitude was the reason why there were fewer works of art of women. Like architecture, Greek art during the Golden Age was very important in representing their country to the world. The phenomenal artwork heightened the worlds respect for the Greeks, which was what any country wanted. The Greeks, particularly the Athenians, believed that is they showed the world how cultured and sophisticated they were, their country would be seen as superior and more powerful. The sculptures of Athens Golden Age also captured the beliefs and ideas that people had at the time. They believed in beauty, balance, and harmony, which were clearly depicted in their art. Drama and literature was another area that flourished during the Golden Age. During this time, tragedies and comedies emerged, along with poems and epics. Poetry was regarded as almost a second religion, in the way that many people respected this type of literature. Poets would write about anything that they believed was appropriate to write about. The epics usually featured a hero, and its plot was both exciting and tragic. Famous epics include The Iliad and The Odyssey which were written by the blind poet, Homer. Two of the most prominent types of ancient Greek plays were tragedies and comedies. Tragedies were very serious and intense, and they often showed man as uncertain, fragile, and dangerous. The relationship between God and mans relationship was often seen in tragedies. These tragic plays were based on serious themes which came from history and mythology, such as Aeschyluss The Persians. The greatest writers of tragedies were Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. Aeschylus lived around 525 B.C., and he fought at the Battle of Marathon, Salamis, and Plataea during the Persian War. He was the first person to use dialogue in plays, and he was also the first to use costumes, high shoes, and masks. Aeschylus wrote well over 90 plays, however only seven of them have survived. It was through his experience in the Persian Wars that he was able to write The Persians. Sophocles lived around 495 B.C., and his most famous play was called Oedipus Rex. He wrote over 100 plays, but like Aeschylus, only seven of them exist today. Euripides lived circa 484 B.C., and he was interested in human psychology. He had his characters talk in everyday language unlike Aeschylus and Sophocles. Although he wrote over 92 plays, only 18 of them have survived. Tragedies usually had very dreadful endings, with the main characters punished for any action they choose. These plays were performed in an amphitheater, where the acoustics amplified the actors voices. They used masks not only to portray their expressions, but because the mouthpiece of the mask was shaped like a megaphone, which further magnified their voices. More tragedies have survived than comedies, and they all contain universal themes such as love, hatred, revenge, duty, and morality. On the other hand, comedies were optimistic plays that usually focused on human flaws and allowed the audience to laugh at their own mistakes. They were full of slapstick gags, and they lacked cultivation by todays standards [Don Nardo, pg. 75]. Comedies usually involved music and dancing, and they would often include current events. Comedies were also performed in amphitheaters, and they would also be performed at festivals celebrating Dionysus, God of Wine, along with several tragedies. Aristophanes lived in roughly 448 B.C., and he wrote most of the surviving Greek comedies. His weapon was biting wit and sharp satire against the weaknesses of the time and against individuals of whom he disapprovedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [Isaac Asimov, pg. 135]. These individuals included everybody from rich people to poor people, and even extended to politicians as well. He wrote approximately 40 to 50 comedies, but unfortunately, like all of the other Greek dramatists works, only a number of them have not perished; 11 to be exact. Greek drama was the main form of entertainment for the ancient Greeks. They had no televisions or movie theaters to go to, so they watched plays instead. Not only were these dramas entertaining, they were both informative and a way for people to express themselves. Greek drama taught valuable lessons such as what the most important things in life really are, and they also taught people about human flaws. Ancient Greeks also learned to have a voice because of drama, which correlates to the type of government they had. The Golden Age of Greece also brought the first known historian in the world, besides its other accomplishments. This man is also referred to as the father of history, and his name is Herodotus. Herodotus began the system of writing down history texts, and if it were not for this historian, much of ancient Greeces history may not be known. Herodotus goal was to preserve the memory of the past by putting on record the astonishing achievements both of our own and of other peoples; and more particularly, to show how they came into conflict [Don Nardo, pg. 76]. Science made great advances during the Athens Golden Age. The progressions in science provided a hypothetical basis for all happenings. Science was necessary for many things such as architecture; matter, space, and motion; math-specifically geometry; and even music. Scientists and mathematicians were the first Greeks to not rely on Mythology to explain the happenings of the world, and they used information from ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians to help them. However, the Greeks did not use experiments to find out how things work. Rather, they investigated the world around them and observed, guessed, and discussed their ideas with each other in order to reach a conclusion. One of the most famous scientists was Hippocrates of Cos. He lived in 460 B.C. and introduced medicine into 5th Century B.C. Hippocrates collected data and made inferences. He also experimented on animals to learn physiology, which helped the Greeks deal with fractures and head wounds that resulted from wars. Hippocrates founded the first rational theory of medicine, one that did not depend on gods and demons. It is for this reason that he is often called the father of medicine. [Isaac Asimov, pg. 136]. He believed that illnesses were not caused by gods, but that these were excuses doctors used when they were too embarrassed to admit that they didnt know the cause of a disorder such as epilepsy. There were also many other scientists and mathematicians of ancient Greece that accomplished many things. One of them, Leucippus, believed that matter was composed of tiny particles, and not substances that could be divided infinitely. He was the first person to ever suggest this, and his views were carried on by his student, Democritus. Democritus then began to call these tiny particles atoms, and his views on atoms were very similar to modern views on them. However, other Greek scientists were not yet ready to accept his ideas, so naturally, they shot them down. There was also Eudoxus, who established that a year was not exactly 365 days long, but was six hours longer. Heraclides, a Greek astronomer, was a student of Plato that was the first person to believe in the rotation of the Earth. Aristarchus was also another astronomer, and he suggested that Earth and all other planets revolved around the Sun, but this too, like Leucippus and Democritus views, was unaccepted by other astronomers. Pythagoras was a mathematician that lived in the 6th Century B.C. He introduced the Pythagorean Theorem, which is used to find the length of a side of a right triangle if two lengths are given. He also believed that what separated humans from animals was reason. Science changed Athens and the Greek world by allowing people, for the first time, to realize that not everything depended on the gods and goddesses of their myths. People began to question everything around them, instead of leaving everything up to the will of the gods; and this would eventually reach out to other parts of the world. As a result, of science becoming more prominent in Athens, people were more educated about themselves and the world that they lived in. One of the most important achievements Athens made during its Golden Age was in its government. Athens created the first democratic government the world had ever seen. Meanwhile, other Greek city-states such as Sparta had an oligarchy. Their oligarchy consisted of a small group of aristocrats that made important decisions for Sparta, and the rest of the citizens were equal. The main difference between these two types of government was that in Athens democracy, all citizens had the right to vote, and each vote counted as much as anybody elses vote. Athens democracy was a direct democracy, meaning that its citizens spoke for themselves and not through representatives. Their type of government valued law, order, and freedom. Every citizen, from the poorest man to the richest one, was allowed to hold office. All decisions were made by the Assembly, which consisted of any Athenian citizen that wished to participate. This group met 40 times a year, and they made decisions like fees for public service, which allowed the poor to hold office. There was also the Boule, which was a 500 man council that met daily to discuss issues that were urgent, and they also prepared the Agenda for the Assembly. As a result of Athens change in government to democracy, more Athenians gained equal rights-besides women and slaves, though, they were not considered citizens of Athens. The differences in rights between the social classes in Athens grew very small, which naturally angered those in the upper class. The important matters of the city were decided by its people; however, some people doubted the judgment of those who were less educated. Nonetheless, Athens democracy continued to expand and strengthen as the Golden Age went on. The Greeks idea of liberty was the freedom to do or realize his full potential, speak freely, and make decisions without interference [C.M. Bowra, pg. 12]. However, the beginning of the Peloponnesian War brought an abrupt end to the Golden Age. It began with Sparta declaring war on Athens in 431 B.C. and ended with Athens surrender in 404 B.C. Spartas hatred towards Athens increased over time, until finally; they could not contain their animosity anymore. Greek city-states did not get along very well; they were separated by their mountainous geography, which resulted in different governments, cultures, and customs. The difference was particularly great between Athens and Sparta in everything from their government to what they valued the most. What angered Sparta the most was that Athens received all the credit for defeating the Persians during the Persian War; and this further increased tensions between the two city-states. The war began when Athens imposed a trade embargo on Megara, an ally of Sparta. They refused to let any Spartan ally trade in any ports belonging to the Delian League. Most of the ports were controlled by the Delian League, which meant that Spartan allies essentially had nobody to trade with. The Megarians began to starve as a result of this embargo. Pericles goal when imposing the trade embargo was to discourage the Spartans from war. However, his plan was disastrous, and resulted in Sparta declaring war on Athens. Sparta was in control of the greatest army in Greece, and they decided to use this to their advantage. The Spartans did not want a long and drawn-out war because that would result in many casualties and put a great strain on their city-state. They marched an army of 35,000 hoplites into Attica, and destroyed the entire countryside, leaving people in fear and chaos. Sparta cut off Athens grain supply, hoping to force them to surrender, but the Athenians were well supplied behind the Long Walls. The Spartans wanted to keep the war on land because of their strong military, and they continued to attack Attica relentlessly every year. Athens, meanwhile, had a better navy and treasury than Sparta. While Pericles was in charge during the Peloponnesian War, he ordered all people to retreat behind the Long Walls. He was aware that trying to defeat Sparta on land was near impossible, so he planned to fight on the water. By having all of the Athenians behind the Long Walls, they would be able to receive supplies from cargo ships and hopefully tire out the Spartan army. Pericles plan worked throughout the first summer of the war, and when the Spartans left in the winter, the Athenians went back to their homes. The enemy attacked in the spring of 430 B.C., and the Athenians were forced to retreat behind the Long Walls once again. However, this time, there was something far more dangerous than the Spartan army that was attacking Attica; and this was disease. A fast-spreading plague struck the Athenians and killed approximately 20% of the population. The plague lasted for four years, and after many people had died, the Athenians decided to leave the protection of the Long Walls and fight the Spartans. Unfortunately, Pericles was a victim of the plague as well, and his death in 429 B.C. left Athens weak and divided. Pericles death left several people vying for power over Athens. Among these people were Cleon and Nicias. Cleon wanted to fight Sparta until the Athenians reached a total victory. Nicias, on the other hand, favored peace. Cleon won power over Athens, but soon died in battle. Nicias saw this opportunity to influence Athens to make peace, but Sparta and its allies refused peace and they continued to fight Athens without mercy. Eventually, Athens surrendered to Sparta in 404 B.C. after its fleet was destroyed at Thrace. The Spartan fleet cut off Athens remaining lifeline, which forced the Athenians to put an end to the war. The Spartans were not happy with just winning the war, though. They forced Athens to give up its fleet and foreign possession, take down the Long Walls, and change their cherished democracy into an oligarchy. After a while, the Athenians were allowed to restore their democracy, but the damage was done-their Golden Age came to an end. The Peloponnesian War left Athens devastated; the land was completely destroyed, the food supply was scarce; and the physical resources were nearly completely gone. The war is best known through Thucydides, an Athenian general. He wrote about the war in great detail, and was not biased; he wrote only about the facts of the war. No one could have guessed that the conflict would bring about Pericles downfall, the end of the Fifty Years, and the exhaustion and cultural decline of all the city-states, [Don Nardo, pg. 80]. The Peloponnesian War stripped Athens of its power and greatness, and left Greece vulnerable to any foreign invasions. With the end of the Peloponnesian War, the Athenians were faced with the grueling task of rebuilding their city-state. People began to look for a principle that explained why things are the way they are, which began the rise of philosophy. The ancient Greeks believed that philosophy and science came from the same branch of study; which is why scientists proved things using logic and reason. Philosophers were travelling teachers that wanted to learn the truth and sought wisdom through different methods. The three most famous philosophers of ancient Greece were Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Socrates was the earliest of the Greek philosophers, and participated in the Peloponnesian War. He was born in 469 B.C. and he lived as a very plain and poor man. During the Peloponnesian War, he came to the conclusion that Man-not the universe-was the enemy of man. He believed that everybody knew more than they thought they knew, and he also believed that mans conscience was a better guide to right conduct than what society said. His method of teaching was by asking questions, and has come to be known as the Socratic Method. Socrates was proclaimed the wisest man in Greece by the Oracle of Delphi after stating, All I know is that I know nothing. Despite being the wisest man, he was unpopular among the Athenians. He was arrested on three charges at the age of 70. The first charge was for corrupting the youth; the second charge was for not believing in the citys gods; and the third was for introducing new deities to society. He was brought before a 501-man jury in 399 B.C., convicted of corrupting the youth, and then sentenced to death. He was convicted by the slim majority of 281 to 220 Athenians. Socrates had several opportunities to break out of jail, and yet, he refused to do so. He did not want to break the law by breaking out of jail, so he stayed in his cell, drank the poison hemlock, and died. Many people today believe that the unjust death of this wise philosopher, which was the result of a vote of the people, is an example of the dangers of a direct democracy. Plato was another famous philosopher of Greece. He was Socrates student, and wrote down all of his teachings, for Socrates did not record anything. Plato believed that all souls were immortal and knew all truths, but as they grew up, they forgot everything. He believed that it was his job to help students remember these truths through the power of logic and reason. In 387 B.C., he founded the Academy, the first school for higher education in Athens, and he also wrote a book called The Republic. The Republic describes his Utopia which was a state ruled by philosophers. In this ideal state there were three classes: the Guardians who governed the state, the Auxiliaries who were the military, and everybody else. In his book, he expressed his strong dislike for democracy, which he believed was the reason why his teacher, Socrates, had died. Plato also wrote The Dialogues, which displayed Socrates ideas along with his own. The Dialogues were composed of discussions that Socrates would have with other students while he was alive. In Platos eyes, Socrates was the wisest and most just and best man [C.M. Bowra, pg. 138]. So naturally, his death was an extreme loss to Plato. One of his philosophies, Platonism, stated that physical beings were imperfect, and that the spirit, soul, and body of a person were separated. These ideas passed into Christianity later on, where they influenced certain beliefs. Platos philosophical system and marvelous language make him one of the most gifted men who ever lived, [C.M. Bowra, pg. 140]. Over time, his ideas spread over Europe, and they eventually reached across the Atlantic Ocean, where it helped form the basis of Western Philosophy. Aristotle was the last, and perhaps the most influential, philosopher from the ancient Greek world. He attended Platos Academy at the age of 17, and he studied there for 20 years. He was born in 384 B.C., and he travelled to Athens to attend the Academy. There, he studied science, ethics, politics, and mathematics. Aristotle, unlike his teacher Plato, believed that research was the method people should use to investigate the world. His philosophy consisted of the power of direct observation to draw conclusions. He relied on the five senses, while Plato believed that they were not reliable. Evidently, these two philosophers did not agree with each other, yet they respected each others ideas. Aristotle was particularly interested in natural philosophy which was the study of natural phenomena in the world, which includes many fields of science. Here, he made great advances, and was the most successful in his studies of biology. He classified animal species, and also concluded that dolphins were not fish, which proved that he was a full 2000 years ahead of his time. Aristotle also ways of observation to find a solution influenced Francis Bacon, who founded the scientific method. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were all famed philosophers that changed their times. Their philosophies helped the Greek population to become more educated, and their ideas provided some guidance in rebuilding Athens after the Peloponnesian War. However, despite their great efforts to revive Athens former state of glory, the Peloponnesian War had indeed brought the end of the Golden Age of Athens. Their ideas and philosophies, although taught in vain, have become a great addition to Western Philosophy. The achievements that occurred during the Golden Age of Athens continue to affect the modern world. Although most people do not realize it, more than half of what is taken for granted, can be attributed to the Athenians. Pierre Leveque stated, One need only to look closely at our own language, our political institutions, and our culture, to discover to what extent the Greek experience lives on. Despite the fact that Athens Golden Age was over 2000 years ago, all of its accomplishments have not been forgotten, and they are being lived through Western Civilizat

The Philosophy and Psychology of Sophocles’s Antigone and The Eumenides

The Philosophy and Psychology of Sophocles’s Antigone and The Eumenides in Aeschylus’ Oresteia There is a consensus among readers of the poetry or plays written in the fifth century that the plays succeed with inspiring profound movement on the audience. The methods or reasons for the reader to be moved by a text are often disputed. Specific to tragic works the concepts of philosophy and psychology are critical elements to understand the cause of the stirred emotions of individuals who response to classical tragedies in a similar manner. Philosophy helps to understand â€Å"why† and psychology â€Å"how† poetry affects and moves human emotion. Philosophy and poetry are united by a common intent. Each searches for an explanation of universal ideals instead of concentrating on the particular. Aristotle described this idea in the Poetics, â€Å"Poetry, therefore, is a more philosophical and a higher thing than history: for poetry tends to express the universal, history the particular† (Aristotle, 68). Sophocles’s Antigone and The Eumenides in Aeschylus’ Oresteia are examples that demonstrate the use of poetry as an explanation of the universal. Antigone deals with the struggle of Antigone, who sought to obey the moral obligation of burying her fallen brother and the dictation of Creon not to bury him. Creon’s dictation represents the particular. Described by Antigone his declaration develops from Creon being the, â€Å"Lucky tyrant—the perquisites of power! Ruthless power to do and say whatever pleases them† (Sophocles, 84). The declaration is seen not to follow the universal cause but it is specific to situation that Polynices had died while attacking Thebes. Antigone insistent to obey the universal code that sh... ...age† (Knox, 137). Sophocles, like many poets, understood the dependence of poetry on its ability to successful implement both philosophy and psychology to their work. Works Cited Aeschylus. The Oresteia: Agamemnon, The Libation Bearers, The Eumenides. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin Books, 1977. Aristotle. Aristotle’s Poetics. Trans. S. H. Butcher. New York: Hill and Wang, 1961. Euripides. Ten Plays: Electra and Iphigenia at Aulis. Trans. Moses Hadas and John McLean. New York: Bantam Books, 1981. Knox, Bernard. Introduction and Notes. Three Theban Plays: Antigone, Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus. By Sophocles. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin Classics, 1984. 131-53. Sophocles. Three Theban Plays: Antigone, Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin Classics, 1984. The Philosophy and Psychology of Sophocles’s Antigone and The Eumenides The Philosophy and Psychology of Sophocles’s Antigone and The Eumenides in Aeschylus’ Oresteia There is a consensus among readers of the poetry or plays written in the fifth century that the plays succeed with inspiring profound movement on the audience. The methods or reasons for the reader to be moved by a text are often disputed. Specific to tragic works the concepts of philosophy and psychology are critical elements to understand the cause of the stirred emotions of individuals who response to classical tragedies in a similar manner. Philosophy helps to understand â€Å"why† and psychology â€Å"how† poetry affects and moves human emotion. Philosophy and poetry are united by a common intent. Each searches for an explanation of universal ideals instead of concentrating on the particular. Aristotle described this idea in the Poetics, â€Å"Poetry, therefore, is a more philosophical and a higher thing than history: for poetry tends to express the universal, history the particular† (Aristotle, 68). Sophocles’s Antigone and The Eumenides in Aeschylus’ Oresteia are examples that demonstrate the use of poetry as an explanation of the universal. Antigone deals with the struggle of Antigone, who sought to obey the moral obligation of burying her fallen brother and the dictation of Creon not to bury him. Creon’s dictation represents the particular. Described by Antigone his declaration develops from Creon being the, â€Å"Lucky tyrant—the perquisites of power! Ruthless power to do and say whatever pleases them† (Sophocles, 84). The declaration is seen not to follow the universal cause but it is specific to situation that Polynices had died while attacking Thebes. Antigone insistent to obey the universal code that sh... ...age† (Knox, 137). Sophocles, like many poets, understood the dependence of poetry on its ability to successful implement both philosophy and psychology to their work. Works Cited Aeschylus. The Oresteia: Agamemnon, The Libation Bearers, The Eumenides. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin Books, 1977. Aristotle. Aristotle’s Poetics. Trans. S. H. Butcher. New York: Hill and Wang, 1961. Euripides. Ten Plays: Electra and Iphigenia at Aulis. Trans. Moses Hadas and John McLean. New York: Bantam Books, 1981. Knox, Bernard. Introduction and Notes. Three Theban Plays: Antigone, Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus. By Sophocles. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin Classics, 1984. 131-53. Sophocles. Three Theban Plays: Antigone, Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin Classics, 1984.

Introduction to Early Childhood Education Essay

The education of early childhood is widely valued in a great variety of human development theories, and in some degree the quality of the early childhood education determines the quality of the child’s future life. In this essay, I will give my views on three quality indicators and relate them to children and Te whariki. A planned curriculum is important for children, and it is one of the sigh of quality early childhood education. The starting point of the curriculum of early childhood education-Te Whariki-is to achieve child’s individual requirements and help him/her to become a competent and confident learner and communicator. (MoE, 1996) A planned program means before the curriculum comes out, educator need to observe the children and discover the particular needs of each child then design a special learning project to mesh with individual child. Partnership with parents and families also a important mark of early childhood education, it provides more comprehensive perspectives about a child, which helps educator to make an Individual Development Plan to enable children with special needs to be actively engaged in learning (MoE, 1996). â€Å"Children’s learning and development are fostered if there is a strong connection and consistency among all the aspects of the child’s world. † (MoE, p42, 1996), families and teacher communicate proactively and to work toward the same goal helps to empower the child to develop holistically within mind, body and spirit (MoE, 1996); Working in partnership with parents and families also helps educators to provide additional learning experiences to complement those provide in the home. Trained staff have the knowledge about children’s development and early childhood curriculum, they also could administer the curriculum (MoE, 1996), is an indispensible part of quality early childhood services, children’s development and learning could be well supported surrounded by trained and professional educators. Assessment: Short Essay 2 Identify TWO early childhood services in your community. Briefly explain their history and then compare and contrast their philosophies, educational  goals and the strategies employed to achieve these goals. In this essay, I will introduce Te Kohanga Reo and home-based education and care services, compare and contrast their philosophies, educational goals and the strategies employed to achieve these goals. Te Kohanga Reo are parent-led services, the first thought of Te Kohanga Reo was begun in 1981, in response to Maori concern of the Maori language survival, by the Department of Maori Affairs. (Te Kohanga Reo National Trust. 1999) Te Kohanga Reo are â€Å"total immersed† early childhood services in te reo Maori program, where the language of communication will be Maori. The operation and running of each Kohanga Reo is the responsibility of the parents and whanau of the Te Kohanga Reo within the guidelines set down by Te Kohanga Reo National Trust Board, and they administer it to ensure the safety and well-being of the children and the whanau and to ensure the survival of te reo Maori. (â€Å"What is a Kohanga Reo?â€Å",1999) Home-based education and care services are teacher-led services, they involve a teacher providing education and care for small groups of up to four young children either in the home of the teacher’s or in the child’s own home. This may be all-day or part-day education and care. (MoE, 2006) The kaupapa (philosophy) of Te Kohanga reo highlight â€Å"The quality of learning and development of mokopuna (young children) stems from the collective strength of the whanau† (Te Kohanga Reo National Trust, 1999). The emphasis for all philosophies of the home-based education and care services is to affirm the value of children learning and being cared for in a home setting. (ERO, 2009) Both kinds of services all showed the high position of children, however, Te Kohanga reo focus on the whanau, lay emphasis on skills of the adult to teach the children; and in home-based education and care services teachers bend themselves to establish positive relationships with children and their families to support children’s well-being and learning. The education goal of Te Kohanga reo is total immersed mokopuna into Maori language and cultures, to achieve this goal, Kohanga Reo are overseen by an organisation call Te Kohanga Reo National Trust. Its role is to ensure the quality of education and care provided by Kohanga Reo and to promote and ensure the survival of the Maori language. (Government Review Team, 1988). The Trust provides Kohanga Reo support and advice to the whanau. It offers Whakapakari Tino Rangatiratanga – a teacher training course, and a training course for whanau in Maori language, computer training, Te Whariki (ECE curriculum) and business administration. (Orange, 2004) Home-based centre hammer at build up a cared, warm and encouraged home setting for children, to insure the environment is safe and the education given by educator/caregiver is professional, the teacher of home-based education and care service must supported by a coordinator who is a registered teacher, just like the Te Kohanga Reo National Trust to Te Kohanga Reo, this person will visits the home based caregiver/educator regularly to check on the child’s safety and wellbeing and their learning progress. The coordinator might help parents to choose a suitable teacher for their children as well, and also involved to create the children’s learning curriculum. Assessment: Short Essay 3 Discuss THREE of the following significant factors which were covered in this course and that promote health and safety in early childhood centres: 1. Providing a safe environment 2. Providing a hygienic and clean environment 3. Identifying and responding to childhood illness 4. Nutrition across the early years 5. Child protection In this essay, I will talk about three significant factors, providing a safe environment; identifying and responding to childhood illness; and nutrition across the early years. I will use the document â€Å"Licensing Criteria for Early Childhood Education and Care Centres 2008, and Early Childhood Education Curriculum Framework† and other relevant literature to support this essay. Health and safety guarantee is an essential part of quality ECE programmes and a major responsibility of ECE providers. Children have the right to be protected and nurtured. As a caregiver, it is necessary to offer an environment which promots their health and nurtures their emotional well-being, and also need to keep the children safe from harm. (MoE,1996) To establish a safe environment in early childhood services contain a major problem, how to prevent injury from the environmental setting. Injury prevention is an important method to build a safe environment. Many injuries  can be prevented if staffs understand how they happen and provide preventive actions to avoid them, preventive actions for example such as strengthen security measures on environment setting and enforcement of safety policies. Knowledge of children’s behavior at each stages of development plays a key role in identifying the potential hazards in ECE program. (Marotz, L. R. , Cross, M. Z. , & Rush, J. M. ,2005). Infants are totally dependent on others, have little prior knowledge or experience, and are learning to anticipate events and to communicate their needs in a confusing world. (Ministry of Education,1996) They explore the world by vision, hearing, feeling, smelling and tasting. The save environment for infants, for example, should not have anything small or sharp, babies may swallow things and choke; And no plastic bags, they will be dangerous if these cover infants’ mouths and noses, and it may suffocate the infants. (Ministry of health, 2011) Toddlers are active and curious, determined to become competent and to make sense of happenings, objects, and ideas. They learn with their whole body and learn by doing rather than being told. (Ministry of Education ,1996) The safe environment for toddlers for instance that all the edges are soft or un-sharp; and all electrical outlets contain safety caps. To identifying and responding to childhood illness that is a professional quality as an early childhood educator should never ignore. Firstly, because of the feature of children’s immature immune systems, children always get a viral cold and then later on the viral illness start a secondary infection with bacteria which might turns into a dangerous condition such as a chest infection. Nevertheless, children are still building up their immune systems, there are lots of illnesses caused by the bacteria and viruses, which need immune system to protect people away from. Sick children attending school increases the opportunity of some children’s common illnesses’ contagious and the illness will pass to other children at centre. Furthermore, sometimes children’s allergic could coursed asthma, ‘a common disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms and reversible airflow obstruction. Common symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.’ ( National Asthma Education and Prevention Program, 2007) Children who attacked asthma can be serious but treatable. â€Å"All practicable steps are taken to ensure that children do not come into contact with any person (adult or child) on the premises who is suffering from a disease or condition likely to be passed on to children and likely to have a detrimental effect on them. † (Ministry of Education, P21, 2009) This quote from Licensing Criteria for Early Childhood Education and Care Centres 2008 showed that early childhood educator should have the ability to identifying and responding to childhood illness. Strand 1 of Te Whariki, well-being, empowered that ‘Children experience an environment where: their health is promoted’ (MoE, p48, 1996), early childhood services need to achieve children’s nutrition needs. A nurtured dietary structure is an essential part of helping children develop holistically. When children intake vitamins, minerals and nutrients from eating and drinking, the quality and quantity of them direct influence on children’s bodies grow, bones built, muscles and brain development. A balanced diet for children should include a variety of healthful fruits and vegetables, grain products, lean proteins and dairy products. (Marotz, L. R. , Cross, M. Z. , & Rush, J. M. , 2005). Early childhood education centre need to make sure food is served at appropriate times. And meanwhile, foods are of sufficient variety, quantity, and quality to meet the nutritional needs of each child. (Ministry of Education, P20, 2009) To help to ensure that children receive adequate nutrition, and allows parents to see the commitment the centre has towards the nutritional wellbeing of their children (Leaity, K.2008), there is a practical guide to food and nutrition for early childhood education services, call Food For Under 5’s, to provide information on developing nutrition policies and menu planning in the early childhood education centres setting. Reference List Education Review Office. (2009). About home-based early childhood services – Education Review Office. Retrieved September 13, 2013 from New Zealand government, Web site: http://www. ero. govt. nz/National-Reports Government Review Team. (1988). Report of the review of Te Kohanga reo. Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Government. Leaity, K. (2008). Food For Under 5’s. Retrieved September 15, 2013 from Auckland Regional public Health service, Web site: http://www. arphs. govt. nz/Portals/0/Health%20Information/HealthyEnvironments Marotz, L. R. , Cross, M. Z. , & Rush, J. M. (2005). Health, safety, and nutrition for the young child (6th ed. ), (pp. 193–207). Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning. Ministry of Education. (1996). Te Whariki He Whariki Matauranga mo nga Mokopuna -o Aotearoa/Early Childhood Curriculum. Wellington, New Zealand:Learning Media Limited. Ministry of Education. (2006). Choices in early childhood education (pp. 1-4). Retrieved September 12, 2013, from http://www.minedu. govt. nz/Parents/EarlyYears/OtherInformationAndResources/Choices. aspx Ministry of Education. (2009). Licensing Criteria for Early Childhood Education and Care Centres 2008 Early Childhood Education Curriculum Framework. (pp. 21-22). Retrieved September 15, 2013 from New Zealand Ministry of Education, Web site: http://www. lead. ece. govt. nz/ServiceTypes/CentreBasedECEServices. aspx National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP). (2007). â€Å"Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma† NY: U. S. Department of Health & Human Services Orange, C. (2004). An illustrated history of the Treaty of Waitangi. Wellington: Bridget Williams Books. Te Kohanga Reo National Trust. (1999). History. Retrieved September 12, 2013, from http://www. kohanga. ac. nz/index. php? option=com_content&view=article&id=4&Itemid=10 What is a Kohanga Reo? (1999). Retrieved September 12, 2013 from Ngaio Te Kohanga Reo, Web site: http://www. ngaiokohanga. co. nz/about-us Leaity, K. (2008). Food For Under 5’s. Retrieved September 15, 2013 from Auckland Regional public Health service, Web site: http://www. arphs. govt. nz/Portals/0/Health%20Information/HealthyEnvironments.

Essay Axio Stock and Home Depot

Essay Axio Stock and Home Depot Essay Axio: Stock and Home Depot The intangible assets for both the company are brand differences. The Home Depot and Lowe’s are clear market leaders in the home improvement industry. They are both able to succeed, because they have solidified distinctly different images that appeal to different customer segments, Another way of looking at this differentiation is by simply going to each company’s homepage. they are promoting exactly the same thing. Lowe’s is brighter color, may come off as a bit of a feminine touch. The Home Depot’s page uses bolder darker colors to convey their message, and the page is bordered with wood paneling, providing a more rugged aesthetic for customers. As consumers, when we purchase a specific product, or shop at a certain store, we associate our image with that product/store and build brand loyalty. Hence the reason some men might shop at Home Depot, even though they don’t know the first thing about home improvement. Why do companies issue bonds when they can issue stock? What are the advantages in issuing bonds? Aren't there any drawbacks of issuing bonds? The most attractive feature of stock issuance is that the money generated from the sale of stock does not need to be repaid. There are, however, downsides to stock issuance that may make bonds the more attractive proposition because issuing stock means granting proportional ownership in the firm to investors in exchange for money. Advantages With bonds, companies that need to raise money can continue to issue new bonds as long as they can find investors willing to act as lenders. The issuance of new bonds has no effect on ownership of the company or how the company is operated. Stock issuance, on the other hand, puts additional stock shares in circulation, which means that future earnings must be shared among a larger pool of investors. This can result in a decrease in (EPS), putting less money in owners' pockets. Bond issuance enables corporations to attract a large number of lenders in an efficient manner. Record keeping is simple, because all bondholders get the exact same deal with the same interest rate and maturity date. For companies, the bond market clearly offers many ways to borrow. From an investor’s perspective, the bond market offers a lot to consider. The variety of choices, ranging from bond types to